Friday, July 31, 2015

Another Consumer Nukes Their Student Loans Through Bankruptcy

A reader contacted me to share his story of dealing with his unmanageable student loans through bankruptcy. Just recently I’ve written two articles that showed how people have fought the battle against their student loan companies and the bankruptcy court agreed to eliminate their debt. Read this and this.

The cases of consumers making there case with the bankruptcy court are coming more frequently now. And while I’ve always been a big proponent of people hiring smart attorneys to help them with their bankruptcy, these cases reinforce some of the research by Jason Iuliano, J.D. See How to Really Discharge Your Student Loans in Bankruptcy. Many Can. But Never Try.

In 2013 Iuliano said, “99.9 percent of student loan debtors in bankruptcy never attempt to get a discharge” and “In fact, debtors without attorneys were just as likely to receive hardship discharges of their student loan debt as were those debtors who had counsel.”

Ron Nichols reached out to me to share his story of dealing with his student loans without an attorney to file the necessary second step, the Adversary Proceeding.

Nichols said, “I just want to share my story about what happened to me in regards to student loans and bankruptcy. Hopefully, you can share it with your many readers.

My wife and I co-signed our three children’s student loans to the tune of $254,000 (about $1,900 a month). At the time, we were healthy and prepared to back them up if they were unable to.

Two of our children had difficulties in securing jobs–so they couldn’t afford the payments to Sallie Mae (SM) and National Collegiate Trust (NCT). The loans we co-signed were all private ones ($254,000).

My wife had to retire on disability and I was medically retired from Air Force Special Ops due to a brain tumor. Our incomes dropped so bad that we had to file for chapter 7 bankruptcy (BK). Before filing that, we were hit with a couple of lawsuits because the vast majority of the loans were in default.

We were so stressed out with the constant phone calls and threats that we didn’t know what to do. We answered every call and tried to workout a payment agreement with them. They were having none of that. This went on for three years before the lawsuits. We always heard that student loans couldn’t be discharged in bankruptcy. I was fully aware that they couldn’t garnish our income or levy our bank accounts because we receive Social Security and Veterans Administration disability benefits only. As stated above, all the loans are private so we are protected from garnishments. Our house is under-water too. That’s why I found it hard to believe that SM and NCT wouldn’t negotiate with us.

Here is what I did. I couldn’t afford an attorney so I researched tons of websites to see how to go about it Pro Se (representing yourself). When I filed bankruptcy, we immediately got relief from phone calls from all creditors including SM and NCT for about two years. That was worth it just in itself. We then filed an Adversary Proceeding with our bankruptcy which is basically suing the student loan lenders for relief due to undue financial hardship. Sallie Mae told the court our $30,000 loan with them was completely discharged at the first Status Conference!

After going back and forth with Status Conferences for about two years with NCT, they got scared that they would lose and offered us a settlement a week before the Adversary Trial. Their offer was to settle all our loans with them (15 of them), for $80,000 at $195 a month with 0% interest! The original loan balance was $224,000. The peace of mind this gave us was tremendous. We can finally get on with our lives without worrying about the crushing stress of student loans. I hope more people can find solutions to their student loan dilemma in some way.”

Not long ago a few legal educators said they were, “part of a larger study, Jim Greiner, Lois Lupica, a couple of dozen students, and I have been working to create a DIY guide to a no-asset Chapter 7 bankruptcy guide, complete with a module on representing yourself through an adversary proceeding to discharge student loans.” Dale Jimenez, one of the lawyers involved, said, “If we succeed, we hope that the materials we create will be useful to attorneys as well as pro se individuals.”

If I look into my crystal ball I see more people who could get a total or substantial bankruptcy discharge of their student loan debt, like Nichols did.

To help this movement, the definition of what constitutes an undue hardship, the magic words needed for the discharge, have been recently clarified by the Department of Education. See Department of Education Reaches Decision About Student Loans and Bankruptcy.

For me, that adoption of undue hardship by the Department of Education is a green light for those that meet the criteria defined here.

In that recent announcement by the Department of Education the government got behind the undue hardship argument for federal loans. In fact to be crystal clear, what the government said was, “If this consideration leads to the conclusion that repayment would impose an undue hardship, the holder should consent to, or not oppose the discharge, as authorized by the governing statute and regulations.”

If consumers can’t afford a bankruptcy attorney to take on their case, maybe they might just have to file an Adversary Proceeding themselves and fight the good fight. Not all consumers would be willing to adopt that approach but recent cases confirm it can be a successful strategy to crawl out from under life crushing student loan debt.

“Steve

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This article by Steve Rhode first appeared on Get Out of Debt Guy and was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


7 Money Myths You Need to Ditch

We get most of our financial knowledge from parents and older family members. They pass down ideas like, ‘A penny saved is a penny earned,’ and, ‘The bank is the best place to keep your money.’ What once were solid pieces of advice have become financial myths that are holding you back. Leaving this advice behind can help you on your way to financial success.

1. Banks Are the Best Place to Keep Money
A few decades ago, when your grandparents were in the workforce, savings accounts were a good place to keep your extra money. That is no longer true. Savings accounts have such a low-interest rate that it does not make sense to keep the bulk of your savings there.

The good news is that there any number ways to put your savings to work. IRA’s and other financial instruments are designed to offer a safe way to add to your money. Investing in stocks, if done intelligently, can also be a good place to put your extra cash.

2. Invest In What You Know
It seems obvious that the best place to invest is in a type of business you know something about. If you work in IT, you probably have a good sense of the industry and which companies are likely to do well. Keeping your money in a business sector you’re familiar with can seem like a good idea and feel more secure to you.

The truth is that investing in a wide range of businesses is a safer way to go, and is more likely to offer a good return. Investing in one business sector leaves you vulnerable if the bottom drops out. Investing in a wide range of businesses protects against a drop in any one, and offers a better chance of an increase in value.

3. Buying a Home Is a Good Investment
There are a lot of good reasons to buy a home. Buying a house as a financial investment is probably no longer one of them. Depending on where you buy, the housing market is still recovering from the bubble burst in 2007.

Combine the low value with the expenses involved with buying a home, such as interest on a mortgage and property tax payments, and the return on your investment will probably not be big.

4. Always Pay In Cash
As credit card companies try to find more ways to differentiate themselves from their competitors, and attract new customers, they keep adding benefits and incentives. Using your credit card can mean a big return on reward points, which can turn into flights, hotel stays, and your entire vacation, as well as money back on your balance.

The key is to pay your balance off each month. By doing so, you minimize the amount you owe in interest and paying with the card ends up not costing a whole lot more than paying with cash. If you can manage your rewards correctly, you might end up doing coming out ahead in the deal.

5. A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned
Saving money is great, and if you can put your savings to work, that’s even better. The truth is, though, your expenses can only be pared down so much. Rent or mortgage payments, food, and insurance all take a big bite out of your budget. Frequently, what gets people into financial trouble is not that they spend too much, but that they simply aren’t earning enough.

The way to be financially successful is often not to save more, but earn more. There are any number of ways to add to your income, from moving to a better paying job to turning hobbies and side projects into earning propositions. While there are lots of reasons to save, you won’t become wealthy simply by collecting pennies.

6. Pay Off All Your Debt As Quickly As Possible
Some debt does nothing but eat up your money. High-interest credit cards and other debt can end up costing you a lot more in the long run. That’s the sort of debt you want to pay off as soon as you can.

Other debt is not as bad, and may work for you in some ways. Student loans and mortgages often have a low-interest rate. And, as long as you stay current, they are a good way to improve your credit score and are also frequently tax deductible. If it is a choice between paying down this sort of debt, and investing money or saving for retirement, you should consider keeping the debt.

7. There’s No Coming Back from Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy will negatively impact your credit, that’s true. However, if you’re filing for bankruptcy chances are your credit was not that great in any case. What bankruptcy does do is allow you to deal with debt so that you’re not constantly struggling to pay your bills. You can start again, improving your credit over time, to build your finances back up for a successful future.

There is a lot of financial advice out there that is just no longer true. Rather than making decisions based on advice from people who may not understand your financial situation, you should look honestly at your finances and make decisions based on what is best for you and your goals. Don’t believe the myths that are holding you back from a successful financial future.

This article by Rick Abelmann first appeared on Abelmann Rollins and was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


How to Hold a Halloween Costume Swap Party

Could a Halloween costume swap save you some money? With Halloween looming, thoughts turn to celebrating this fun night with candy, decorations, and, of course, costumes. For retailers, this holiday is fast becoming one of the biggest money-makers of the year with a staggering 7.4 billion dollars spent last year, according to theNational Retail Federation.

Another amazing fact is that 2.8 billion dollars was spent just on costumes in 2014. Of that amount, Americans spent 350 million dollars on pet costumes! All it takes is a stroll down an aisle or two of your local big box store or one of the Halloween specialty stores that spring up like mushrooms to realize that costumes have gotten more expensive. Short of spending big bucks, what’s a person to do?

People are turning to their creative side to save money this Halloween. According to the 2014 survey, 34% will go online for costume inspiration, while 33% rely on retail stores for ideas. Pinterest is earning more traffic, with 11% clicking here for costumes to copy.

How would you like to get your costume for free? No, I’m not talking about putting a mask on and stealing one. Instead, I’m talking about a costume swap! For years, when our children were younger, we got together with our neighbors who had children the same age and swapped costumes. (Two of them were born on the same day!)

This works great for adults, too. Who wants to spend $30 or $60 on a pregnant zombie costume when your good friend went as that last year? She can use your prom dress from 1986 and go as a dead 80s prom queen. Everyone saves money and might even win a prize for the best costume at a Halloween party.

Organizing a costume swap is easy. Just get everyone together who has kids around the same age. Round up as many families as possible. Bring all your gently used store-bought costumes or great accessories to make some. Make sure everything is safe, like masks that fit properly and fire-retardant fabric. Also, make sure they are warm enough for the weather. Add reflective tape to the backs of costumes for easier visibility, especially to dark or black costumes.

Your costume swap can be a pre-Halloween party with spooky snacks and fun music. You might even have a selection of scary movies for the kids to enjoy once they’ve picked out their costumes.

Another great place to scare up a great costume for mere pennies on the dollar is thrift stores. Some even cater to Halloween, like Savers, with clerks that can help you put together that great look for a lot less.

So save your green and forgo the expensive costumes you see at the store. All you need is a little imagination and a fun costume swap with friends to score spooky savings this Halloween. Happy haunting!

Shaunna Privrasky is an expert in personal finance. Between writing, reading and gardening, she is always on the lookout for bargains. Please sign up for her free newsletters at The Discount Diva. She also frequently writes for TheDollarStretcher.com. Visit today for more tricks that will treat your wallet right.

This article by Shaunna Privratsky first appeared on The Dollar Stretcher and was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Ask The Expert: Why Can My Girlfriend Get Her Student Loans Fixed And I Can’t?

Question: My girlfriend and I both have lots of student loans. We Googled “student loan consolidation” and got some sketchy-looking websites. But we’re desperate, so we entered some info into some fields. They said she could get her loans consolidated but mine couldn’t be. Is this for real?
— Bill in Iowa

Howard Dvorkin CPA answers…

After getting some information from you, Bill, I figured out the discrepancy: Your girlfriend took out government loans, while you have a substantial number of private loans. Why does that matter? I made this video to explain the differences…

How to save money on those hefty student loans

For more on the differences between private and government student loans, consult our in-depth advice at Federal vs. Private Student Loans. The news isn’t all bad for you, Bill: You have both kinds of loans. You and your girlfriend can take advantage of several federally mandated programs. As you’ve experienced, however, some of the businesses aren’t exactly confidence-inducing.

Think about it this way: You can do your own taxes, or hire an accountant or tax-preparation firm to do it for you. That’s very similar to how student loan consolidation works. You can do it yourself — and Debt.com shows you how in Do-It-Yourself Student Loan Consolidation — but that can be overwhelming.

The federal government offers various programs depending on your circumstances. (You can get a plain-English rundown on them in our section called Options for Paying Off Your Student Loans.) The businesses that help you through the process charge you a fee, but the ethical ones never charge in advance, and they never charge more than a fraction of what you’re saving. How do you know you’re dealing with one of those ethical businesses? That’s what Debt.com is for.

We partner with companies that offer all sorts of debt-related services, and they must abide by our Code of Ethics. When you call us at 1-800-810-0989, one of our experts matches you with a company best suited to help you. It’s worth the call, because while the options can be complicated to navigate, the savings can be huge.

 

Have a debt question?

Email your question to editor@debt.com and Howard Dvorkin will review it. Dvorkin is a  CPA, chairman of Debt.com, and author of two personal finance books, Credit Hell: How to Dig Yourself Out of Debt and Power Up: Taking Charge of Your Financial Destiny.

 

This article by Howard Dvorkin first appeared on http://www.debt.com and was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Dvorkin On Debt: Your Credit Card Is Not Your Friend

Why do we use credit cards? It seems like such a basic question, but can you guess the answer?

If you said, “Obviously for all the rewards, cash back, and airline miles you can rack up,” well…you’re wrong.

“The single biggest reason Americans use credit cards is because they are easier and more convenient than paying with cash,” says a recent poll from the financial researchers at Bankrate. More than 40 percent of those asked cited convenience ahead of all else.

In second place — way back — was “financing emergency expenses” at 19 percent. Rewards came in third, at only 14 percent of the vote.

I have mixed emotions about this.

Emotion 1: Convenience can be inconvenient for your budget

I’ve received some criticism for encouraging Americans to go credit card-less for at least a little while, so they can see the difference in their spending habits. In my last book, Power Up, I wrote…

Learning to live without a credit card is an integral part of financial empowerment. The lessons you discover will add to your building blocks that will eventually lead to your financial independence. Those who don’t use credit cards take money much more seriously  than credit card users. The act of physically handing over the dollars to a cashier or waitress generates a feeling of loss. The money is gone.

This thought horrifies some Americans. It’s as if I’m suggesting they give up solid food for a month. To a few, I might as well suggest not breathing for a month.

However, Debt.com has compiled some sobering statistics that show why you might want to try what I’m proposing…

  • $854.2 billion — What Americans collectively owe on their credit cards. That’s more than $15,000 per household.
  • 15 percent — The average national APR on credit cards. For every dollar you carry as a balance from month to month, you’re paying 15 cents.
  • 26.87 percent — the average penalty interest rate if you miss a payment.

That’s a lot to pay for mere convenience, so I still recommend at least a temporary respite. You don’t have to cut up those cards, but you can lock them away in a drawer. My prediction: At the end of the first week, you’ll be surprised how much money you’ve saved.

Emotion 2: Rewards are rewarding for your budget

If you are going to carry credit cards, I’m all about the rewards. It’s free money — as long as you don’t spend money to get them. (See our report called Balancing Credit Card Rewards with Low APR.)

I admit I was slightly surprised by the Bankrate survey.  It indicated more than half (51 percent, to be exact) would keep using their credit card even if all the rewards were removed. Convenience matters that much. Only 19 percent said they’d give up their credit card if they couldn’t earn something for the privilege, while 26 percent split the difference: They’d “use the card less often.”

If you’re just happy for the convenience of your credit, I urge you to read these very short articles:  The 5 best cashback credit cards right now and The best reward cards right now. You should spend a few minutes and switch your cards to maximize your saving. If you’re already deep in credit card debt, I suggest you call us at 1-888-503-5563 for a free debt analysis from  certified credit counselor — because there’s nothing convenient or rewarding about big credit card bills.

Howard Dvorkin is a CPA and chairman of Debt.com, an educational resource for those who want to conquer all forms of debt in their lives.

This article by Howard Dvorkin first appeared on http://www.debt.com and was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Who’s Not Allowed to See Your Credit Score?

One of the most common complaints about credit scores isn’t even true — that your employer or potential employer can see your credit score.

“That’s probably the most common myth that that I hear about credit reports and scores,” said Rod Griffin, director of public education for credit bureau Experian.

Generally, anyone who can legally access your credit report can also see your credit score, but employers are the exception. Griffin said employers use credit reports as an identity-verification tool or as a sort of background check for people applying for positions that deal with money. It’s a controversial practice, and if your employer or potential employer requests to see your credit report, make sure you request one yourself so you know what they’re looking at. (Here are some tips for dealing with an employer credit check.)

It’s also important to know that while an employer can get your credit report, they must have your written permission to do so. The need for written consent (in addition to the fact that they can’t get your credit scores) sets employer credit checks apart from other entities that can request your credit report.

Your credit score isn’t the sort of information others’ can easily access — at least, not legally. For example, your spouse or family members aren’t permitted to just look them up, even though they likely have access to the information needed to do so, like your Social Security number, date of birth, etc.

If a family member or spouse has checked your scores without your knowledge or consent, that could be considered fraud, Griffin said. (Though experts do recommend you and your spouse share and discuss that information with each other so you can be transparent about your financial health, and can plan accordingly.)

This issue comes down to knowing who can access your credit reports. There are rules about who can see your credit report and, as a result, your credit score (except employers). Usually, a person or company can request your credit report if you’re applying for credit or if you’re initiating a business transaction, like renting an apartment, setting up utilities or opening an insurance policy. Any loan or credit card offers you might receive are usually a result of a company requesting a summary of your credit information.

Of course, you can also check your own credit report and scores whenever you want. In fact, it’s a good habit to practice, and it’s often free. You can get your free credit scores every 30 days on Credit.com, which will also show you how credit checks affect your scores. You can also pull your free annual credit reports from AnnualCreditReport.com to see who has been checking your credit — each report lists the creditors and companies who have recently inquired about your credit.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Christine DiGangi was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Man Allegedly Spent $470K on Strippers With Company Credit Card

Pro tip for those who are somehow unaware: If you want to buy something you don’t want anyone to ever know about, you shouldn’t use a credit card. Credit card statements that make it very easy to trace the nature of your transactions.

As such, it’s very unsurprising that a tech company busted one of its (now former) employees for allegedly using a company credit card to fund an online-stripper habit. The charges against John David Berrett of Gilbert, Ariz., are as bizarre as you’d expect.

Investigators allege Berrett spent more than $476,000 on his World Wide Technology company credit card to not only purchase tokens redeemable on a site where “women perform stripping routines via webcam,” but also to tip and buy gifts for strippers. He reportedly paid one $26,800 so she could pay for her college tuition bill, new tires for her car and her parents’ utility bill.

He is said to have covered up the transactions with fake expense reports for work costs he incurred for his job of traveling to meet customers and provide information technology training and support. For example, a claim for training materials was really a purchase from an adult toy company, and $10,800 for training services really went to a stripping site.

A federal grand jury in Missouri indicted Berrett on five counts of wire fraud on July 23. The $476,000 of personal spending is said to have occurred between Sept. 16, 2013 and Oct. 21, 2014, according to the indictment. World Wide Technology, a Missouri-based company with offices in Arizona, told the Arizona Republic that Berrett is no longer an employee.

Whether you’re managing a business or personal credit card, it’s important to keep close tabs on transactions and where they come from. Given that so much banking is done online, it’s easy to copy the information from a transaction and plug it into an Internet search, which usually shows what sort of purchase its associated with. If that doesn’t match up with what you’ve used the card for (or whoever has the card is supposed to be using it for), investigate what’s going on immediately, to protect yourself from financial loss or credit damage. You can see how credit card use (and fraud) impacts your credit standing by getting a free credit check every 30 days on Credit.com.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Christine DiGangi was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


18 States Where You Can Do Your Back-to-School Shopping Tax-Free

Time to sharpen your pencils, shoppers. Not only are parents shopping for back-to-school needs early and comparing prices, they might want to also try to figure out on which days they want to buy. Eighteen states have tax holidays that can help back-to-school shoppers stretch their money — and for shoppers in Georgia and Mississippi, the tax savings start Friday and end Saturday.

Retailers love the tax-free days, because they draw shoppers in. But tax holidays have been criticized as the triumph of good politics over good policy; in fact, last year North Carolina eliminated its tax-free shopping days in favor of a tax cut.

Still, if you’re shopping for back to school, the savings may be worth considering. But, as when shopping with any discount available, it’s still important to remember that spending more than you would otherwise because you are “saving” so much doesn’t really save you anything. Still, if you are buying bookbags, paper, calculators and other supplies on your state’s list of tax-free items, your savings could be significant, depending on how high your state taxes are and how much you spend. If you’re buying a laptop, or if multiple children need new shoes, timing your purchase for tax-free days could be worth it.

Here are some tips for making the most of the tax-free days.

1. Carefully read through your state’s listing of what will be tax-free and make sure you understand the rules. Most states have maximum prices for clothes, for example. You might discover that shoes costing $99 are tax-exempt, but those over $100 are not.

2. Make a list. What do you need, really? Many discount stores post lists of what’s required by various schools. Check a list before you go shopping to see what you already have (or what your child might use as a hand-me-down). Paying no tax on something you didn’t actually need to buy isn’t saving.

3. Look at ads and check out loss leaders. If crayons or glue are going for a penny, think about buying some. Those things run out, and a fresh supply will be welcome. (Remember how good brand-new crayons felt in your hand?) Those can also be purchased to donate later. You don’t need a tax holiday to do this, either.

4. Have a budget. Know what you expect to pay, and have an idea of what things should cost before you go. Tax-free isn’t the best deal if you find the same item at a clearance price elsewhere. Be educated about prices, and remember what you can afford and what you planned to spend.

5. Know how you are going to pay. When you’re not paying cash, it’s easy to forget how much you have spent. It can be helpful to think it through ahead of time rather than reach into your wallet and try to figure out which credit card makes the most sense while someone is waiting impatiently in line behind you. The card can matter because if you plan to pay off your balance immediately, you may want to choose a card that gives you maximum cash-back rewards, for example. In a case of rotating categories that earn cash-back bonuses, you may want to check those categories before you shop. For example, Chase Freedom has 5% cash-back categories, but they rotate each quarter, so you’ll need to double-check the rewards calendar to make the most of your cash-back bonuses. If you’re trying to build or rebuild credit, pay attention to your cards’ balances relative to credit limit, and choose a card with “room” for your purchases. (If you know where you’ll shop, you may be able to save a bit more by buying a discounted gift card ahead of time from GiftCardGranny, Raise or similar services.)

Be careful not to let school expenses pull your finances off track, particularly as we move toward the end of the year, which tends to be associated with higher spending. It’s good to keep in mind that when you decide last year’s bookbag will suffice until backpacks go on sale, and make it a priority to keep your credit healthy (and you can get a free credit report summary on Credit.com), you’re contributing to your kids’ financial education. And, hopefully, that will last even longer than a laptop.

Alabama – Aug. 7-9

Arkansas – Aug. 1-2

Connecticut – Aug. 16-22

Florida – Aug. 7-16

Georgia – July 31-Aug. 1

Iowa – Aug. 7-8

Louisiana – Aug. 7-8

Maryland – Aug. 9-15

Massachusetts – Aug. 15-16

Mississippi – July 31-Aug. 1

Missouri – Aug. 7-9

New Mexico – Aug. 7-9

Ohio – Aug. 7-9

Oklahoma – Aug. 7-9

South Carolina – Aug. 7-9

Tennessee – Aug. 7-9

Texas – Aug.7-9

Virginia – Aug. 7-9

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Gerri Detweiler was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


3 Small Business Loans That Don’t Require Good Credit

Starting and growing a business can be a risky proposition. Many owners go all in, using personal loans or credit cards to fund their start-ups. But what if you have bad credit? Can you still get funds to launch or expand your venture? The answer is “yes.” And, in fact, it’s easier than ever to get small business funding without a credit check, if you know where to look. Here are three options:

1. Business Cash Advances

If your business has strong sales, verified by credit card, PayPal sales receipts or steady bank deposits, you may be able to get the equivalent of a credit card cash advance for your business. But instead of borrowing against your credit card’s credit line, you’re borrowing against your future sales.

These companies advance funds to the user based on anticipated future sales. PayPal Working Capital, for example, offers working capital to businesses with at least $20,000 in sales for 12 months (and at least three months of history). The funds you borrow will be repaid from your future sales until the advance is fully paid off.

Square Capital has a similar offering for merchants who use Square, and eligibility is based on processing volume and sales history. There are a number of websites that will make these loans to merchants who process credit card sales through any platform.

This convenience often comes with a price, though. These loans can be expensive, with effective interest rates that rival some payday lenders, and you’re likely to be quoted the cost in terms of fees or percentages of sales, not interest rates. So be cautious, do the math, shop around and make sure you can afford to pay it back without getting caught in an endless cycle of advances.

2. Crowdfunding

Nothing has democratized small business lending more than crowdfunding. With the right story and vision, an entrepreneur can raise money for all kinds of projects. Chris Kelly, owner of California Cycleworks is an entrepreneur I profile in my forthcoming book, Finance Your Own Business: Get On The Financing Fast Track.

He’s used crowdfunding before the word was even invented — creating campaigns from loyal customers, which has allowed him to build extra capacity fuel tanks for several different models of motorcycles. “We were successful…because we had a number of exceptionally passionate customers,” he told me.

It’s important to understand that some crowdfunding platforms will review your credit reports or credit scores. If you are getting a loan from investors you don’t know, as is common peer-to-peer lending sites, then you will have to have a good credit score in order to qualify. But if you are trying to raise money for a specific project through one of these platforms, your credit may not be a factor at all.

3. Friends & Family

Loans from friends and family have been funding businesses for decades, and now they even have a fancy name — “social capital.”

“Every year there is about $60 billion in funding raised from friends and family, especially for early stage entrepreneurs,” says Anson Liang, founder and CEO of TrustLeaf. This kind of loan can be especially effective for someone who has started a business on the side, has established a clientele and decides it’s time to go all in working full-time on the business.

If you’ve maxed out your credit cards or mortgaged your house to the hilt to get your business off the ground, the beauty of this approach is that friends and family aren’t likely to care about what’s on your credit reports. Liang says that the entrepreneurs who come to his site for a free promissory note or funding campaign overwhelmingly say that their friends and family are “more interested in supporting them” than they are in their credit scores.

Best of Both Worlds

If you do end up using one of these methods to raise money, don’t neglect your credit. Building strong personal credit and business credit scores will provide you with more options — and negotiating power — as your business continues to grow. (One way to check your personal credit scores for free is through Credit.com.) Then you’ll be able to choose from many options for raising money and not limit yourself to those that require good credit.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Garrett Sutton was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Visa vs. MasterCard: What’s the Difference?

The names Visa and MasterCard are paired nearly as frequently as Minneapolis and St. Paul or Dallas and Fort Worth. But while these major cities are close neighbors, Visa and MasterCard are large payment networks that compete against each other. But to cardholders, Visa and MasterCard sometimes appear to be interchangeable.

What’s the Difference?

To most credit card users, Visa and MasterCard are just logos that appear in the corner of their card, in addition to that of the card issuer, and possibly a co-branding partner such as an airline, hotel chain or retailer. In the end, the payment network that a card belongs to will have three different effects on cardholders.

First, the payment network will administer benefits on behalf of the card issuer. The card issuer actually chooses which payment network a particular credit card belongs to, based on the benefits that it can offer cardholders, such as rental car insurance, extended warranty coverage and price protection. Nevertheless, the benefits offered by different cards in the same network can vary widely, as card issuers select from a range of benefits when they design a new product. So one Visa card may offer extended warranty protection, while another may not.

In addition, Visa and MasterCard both have premium benefit programs advertised to consumers that offer discounts on shopping as well as savings on travel and other travel perks. Visa offers its Visa Signature program, while MasterCard features its World MasterCard and World Elite MasterCard programs. For example, Visa Signature cardholders can utilize its Visa Signature Luxury Hotel Collection, which features more than 900 luxury hotels where cardholders can receive benefits such as free in-room Internet, room upgrades and complimentary continental breakfast. MasterCard’s World Elite program offers its Luxury Hotels & Resorts program that features similar perks to travelers.

Both Visa and MasterCard’s programs were represented in the winners of the Best Travel Credit Cards in America this year, to give you an idea of how competitive their programs are. Unlike other credit card benefits, customers who have a card that belongs to one of these premium benefit programs can know exactly what is offered, regardless of which bank or credit union issues the card. (You can check out the Best Hotel Rewards Cards in America if you’re interested in getting one of the most rewarding cards.)

In addition, there are some discounts available exclusively to holders of Visa and MasterCard business credit cards. The Visa Savings Edge program is available to Visa business cardholders and it offers savings on common business purchases such as travel, electronics and business solutions. For example, cardholders save 5% on Wyndham group hotels and computer manufacturer Lenovo, and Bing ads from Microsoft. Likewise, the MasterCard Easy Savings program offers similar savings on shipping, office supplies and travel. For instance, this program offers 5% savings on shipping from DHL and Avis car rentals, and 15% from advertisements on Monster.com.

Finally, Visa and MasterCard have slightly different sized payment networks. Visa says it’s accepted at “tens of millions” of merchants and 2.3 million ATMs, in more than 200 countries and territories. MasterCard says its cards are accepted with a similar number of merchants in more than 210 countries and territories. In the end, any difference is likely to come down to each company’s definition of a country or territory, and it’s extremely rare that a merchant will accept one but not the other.

Does It Matter Which One I Choose?

Even though credit card benefits are administered by the payment network, it is up to the credit card issuer to choose which benefits to offer for a particular card. Further, the rates and rewards of each card are also determined by the card issuer, not the payment network. Thus, credit card users will be better off focusing on the terms, benefits and rewards offered by a particular credit card, and not pay much attention to the payment network it belongs to. But once those factors are taken into account, it can make some sense to consider a card’s participation in a premium benefits program such as Visa Signature or World Elite MasterCard, as well as the savings program offered to business cardholders.

When it comes to your credit scores, the issuer of your credit cards is not included in the calculation of your scores, so it’s not a factor at all. You can see whether your credit cards are helping or hurting your credit scores for free on Credit.com.

Although very similar, Visa and MasterCard do offer enough distinctions that can sway you to choose one card over another in some situations.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Jason Steele was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


What’s the Right Debt Payoff Plan for You?

Behind on student loan payments? Caught up in credit card debt? Being hounded about personal loans? It can be difficult to decide where to start and how to make the biggest dent in your financial obligations, but you probably know you should. Not everyone is in the same financial situation, not everyone even has the same type of debt, so not everyone should pay it back in the same way. Check out the options below to see which debt payoff method is best for you.

First Step

When you are ready to really start chipping away at your debts, it’s a good idea to compile a list of everyone you owe and calculate exactly how much you owe them. Once the balances are recorded, include the interest rates and required minimum payments. The numbers may be overwhelming, but they can help you determine where exactly you stand. You can use this credit card payoff calculator to help you estimate how long it will take you to pay off your balances.

Consolidation

Consolidating your debts means lumping all your balances into one amount and getting a new loan to pay them off. You then focus on paying off the new loan as quickly as you can. You can use a personal loan or balance transfer (here are some cards judged to be among the best for balance transfers) to hopefully reduce the interest rate you are paying, but it will not make your problem disappear.

Avalanche

This method involves ordering your debt by interest rate and paying down the account with the highest interest rate first, then the second-highest rate, etc. This will likely save you the most money in the long run as you will be keeping only your lower-interest rate debt for longer. It’s important to still meet the minimum payments for all your other debt while focusing on the highest interest rate accounts.

Snowball

Snowballing your debt means you focus on the size of your balances, ranking them from smallest to highest and paying them off in that order. Paying your debts in order this way and having small successes can help keep you motivated to continue paying off debt.

Settlement

If it doesn’t seem like you will be able to pay back your balances in the near future or debt collectors have been hounding you over significant debt, you may want to try negotiating a settlement. This means you work with your creditor to pay less than the full balance to eliminate the debt. This can be a good option if you can come up with a significant chunk (more than 30%) of your debt within a relatively short amount of time. It’s a good idea to talk with an expert before going this route.

In the end, the important thing is you are working to pay off debt. You can choose one of the above options or create your own combination. What works for one person may not work for another. The important thing is committing yourself to making progress toward financial freedom. Paying down your debt can lower your credit utilization — a major factor in your credit scores. You can see how your utilization is impacting your credit scores for free on Credit.com.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by AJ Smith was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Thursday, July 30, 2015

5 Upsides of a Personal Loan

From banks and credit unions to family members or friends, taking out a personal loan or line of credit can be a solution for paying off high-interest debt or tackling big bills. Once you figure out the details of the personal loan process, you can use a personal loan calculator to find out which amount, term, and rate works for you and your lender. While not right for everyone, here are some of the benefits of taking on a personal loan below.

1. Immediate Funding

Getting personal loans can usually happen very quickly — sometimes even within the same day you apply. This can make them helpful for those that need access to money quickly or to make payments on debts you’re already late in paying.

2. Flexibility of Use

Unlike a car, home or student loan, personal loans are usually multipurpose. They can be used for anything from travel or medical expenses to updating your home, financing a wedding or paying off a big trip without restriction, making it easier for you to get approved. There are some services out there that require you to specify what you are using the money for so it’s important to read the information carefully.

3. Competitive Rates

Different lenders may offer different rates for a personal loan, but you might be able get a discount or better deal depending on your relationship with a lender. You also may be able to choose between variable and fixed rates but it’s important to make sure that your rate doesn’t leave you with payments higher than you can afford. Also, in most cases, the rate you are offered will depend on your credit, with the best rates going to applicants with the best credit. (If you don’t know where you stand, you can check your free credit report summary at Credit.com.)

4. Lower Minimums

Personal loans can be helpful for paying off other debts because there are rarely required minimums near the amount of other loans.

5. Little Security Required

This type of loan does not usually require as much documentation (unlike a mortgage or car loan). This often makes the processing time much quicker. You also don’t typically need collateral or security.

Of course, anytime you are borrowing money it is important to make sure that you are making the right financial decision that is in line with your current and future goals. It’s important to make sure that you will have affordable payments, that you don’t take on more debt than you need and that you have a plan to pay back the personal loans. Also, while sometimes the ability to take on a personal loan can help build your overall wealth, it’s a good idea to weigh whether what you are getting is worth the money you will be paying in interest.

Related Articles

This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by AJ Smith was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Inheritance 101: How to Leave Your Home to Your Kids

For many of you, your home is probably your most valuable asset and it’s likely that you are very clear about whom you want to end up with it when you die. For example, if you are a parent you probably want your children to inherit your home. However, ensuring that your wishes become reality takes planning – estate planning, specifically. For example, you may:

  • Include your home in your will
  • Transfer your home to a living trust
  • Include the right “magic words” in the deed to your home

There are pros and cons to each of these options, so it’s advisable to meet with an estate-planning attorney. That way you’ll be sure that you choose the option that is best for you based on your finances, your estate planning goals and other considerations.

1. Include Your Home in Your Will

A will is a legal written document in which you specify who you want to inherit your assets when you die. You may name one person or multiple persons. Each of them is referred to as a beneficiary.

After you die, all of the assets you’ve included in your will go through a court-supervised process called probate. Among other things, this process ensures that the assets are legally transferred to your beneficiaries according to the terms of your will. Before that can happen however, any debts you may owe at the time of your death must be paid.

If you designate more than one person to inherit your home, each individual will inherit an undivided interest in it. Therefore, they must decide what to do with the house – keep it or sell it. And it’s possible that they may not see eye-to-eye. For example, let’s assume you left your home to your daughter and son, and that your daughter wants to hold onto it for sentimental reasons, perhaps, but your son has a lot of debt and wants to sell the house so he can use his share of the sale proceeds to pay off his creditors. Unless they can reach an amicable agreement about what to do, inheriting your home could create a rift between them, especially if your son decides to go to court in an effort to force a sale.

2. Set Up a Living Trust

A living trust is a type of trust that you create while you are still alive. You also transfer to the trust the assets that you want controlled by the trust; this is called “funding the trust.”

While you are alive, you can manage and benefit from those assets, just like you do now; but when you die, the assets get transferred to the beneficiaries you designated in your trust document.

Using a living trust rather than a will to transfer your home upon your death offers a number of advantages. One of them is that the home will pass to your designated beneficiary without having to go through probate, thus avoiding the delays and expenses associated with that process. As a result, your home can get transferred to that individual much more quickly. It’s important to note however, that any outstanding debts you may owe must still be paid before the transfer can happen.

A note of caution: If you set up a living trust, but do not transfer your house to it before you die, then the house will have to go through the probate before it can be transferred.

If you name more than one beneficiary for your home in your living trust document, you can avoid the potential for conflict among them about what to do with the house by stating in the document that the trustee of your trust — a person or institution named to oversee the distribution of your assets and the payment of your debts after your death — can decide who will get the house and who will receive other assets of equal value in your estate.

3. Include the ‘Right Words’ in the Deed to Your Home

Those words can either be Transfer on Death or Joint Tenant with Right of Survivorship. (Tenants by the Entireties is another option between spouses in some states). Either option lets you give your home to your loved one(s) at your death without the delays associated with probate or the cost of setting up a trust.

If you don’t have a spouse, it’s usually best to include the words Transfer on Death in the deed to your home, assuming a Transfer on Death (TOD) deed is legal in your state. (Currently, about half of the states plus the District of Columbia recognize this kind of deed, but other states are considering it.) With a TOD, you own your home 100% while you are alive, and you’re free to do whatever you want with it – borrow against it or get a reverse mortgage, for example. When you die, the home automatically and immediately transfers to the person(s) you named as beneficiary in the deed.

If you include the words Joint Tenant with Right of Survivorship in your deed, you and whoever else is on the deed are co-owners of your home. When you die, assuming you die first, the house automatically transfers to your co-owner(s).

One of the drawbacks to this form of ownership is that you won’t have full control over your home. For example, if you want to borrow against the house or refinance it, your co-owner might object and might even take you to court to stop you from doing what you want. Another drawback is that your home is subject to the debts of your co-owner. This means, for example, that if your co-owner is sued by a creditor for a past-due debt, the creditor might get the right to put a lien on the house.

Finally, Medicaid eligibility is something else you should take into account if you think you may need to apply for this federal government program at some point. If you do, including your home in your will rather than transferring it to a living trust is best. Again, consult with an estate-planning attorney if Medicaid eligibility is a concern for you.

Making that decision yourself could be problematic, so it bears repeating: A qualified attorney can help you determine the best way to ensure that your home will go to your intended heir/s when you die.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Brad Wiewel was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Americans Are Holding Onto Their Cars Longer Than Ever

For years, Americans have been driving older and older cars, bringing the average age of vehicles in operation to 11.5 years at the start of this year — that’s the highest it has been since analytics company IHS Automotive started tracking the metric.

Americans continue to drive increasingly older cars partly because vehicle quality has improved, but the economic downturn played a significant role in this trend, as well. Mark Seng, global aftermarket practice leader at IHS Automotive, explained the data in a news release:

“For the five to six years following the recession, however, average age increased about five times its traditional rate, which we attribute to the nearly 40 percent drop in new vehicle sales in 2008-2009,” Seng said. Now several years beyond that point, many consumers may finally ditch cars equipped with CD players (tape players, even) and cigarette lighters for the likes of back-up cameras, multiple power outlets and other standards of newer vehicle technology. “We’re now seeing average age begin to plateau and return to its traditional rate of increase as consumers have recovered from the great recession and have begun buying new vehicles again.”

IHS projects the average vehicle age will reach 11.6 years in 2016 but won’t reach 11.7 years until 2018. If you’re among the many consumers expected to get a new or used-but-younger car, take plenty of time to consider your payment options for the purchase. If you can pay cash, that’s great, but shop around for the best deals if you need auto financing.

Having good or great credit will improve your chances at accessing a low interest rate on your auto loan, and having a significant down payment also helps keep loan costs down. To see where you stand, you can get your free credit report summary on Credit.com, and you can get updates every 30 days to track your progress as you get closer to applying for the loan. Great credit isn’t a requirement for auto financing — there are car loans for people with bad credit — but it certainly helps.

Keep in mind that being able to afford a new car is more than fitting the monthly loan payment into your budget. Consider insurance, maintenance and fuel costs, but also think about the long-term cost of the loan: A car may seem affordable if you spread the loan out over a long period of time, but you’ll end up paying a lot more in interest in the long run, and you run a greater risk of the loan outlasting the car. At the start of this year, the average new-car loan term was a record 67 months (about 5 1/2 years), according to Experian, and nearly 30% of new car loans originated in the first quarter had terms between 73 and 84 months (about 6 to 7 years).

There are a lot of perks to buying a new car, but you want to make sure you can afford it. Set a realistic budget and work to improve your credit before hitting the car lot, and you’re much more likely to come away with a car that meets your transportation and financial needs.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Christine DiGangi was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


The Real Reason Behind Skyrocketing College Tuition

Sara Goldrick-Rab is among the loudest critics of America’s structures designed to fund college education. She’s a professor of Educational Policy Studies and Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, working for a state school that is squarely in the cross-hairs of Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker’s plans to cut funding and eliminate tenure. Her writings include “Reinventing Financial Aid: Charting a New Course to College Affordability,” with Andrew Kelly, for Harvard Education Press. When a recent Federal Reserve study found that increased student loan aid fueled tuition inflation but may not have helped students, Goldrick-Rab told Credit.com that the reality is a lot more nuanced than that. The real reason college costs have risen far faster than inflation is that low-cost options, like inexpensive state schools, are disappearing, she says. Here’s our interview with her.

You believe the entire structure of American college financial aid should be changed. Why?

Higher education doesn’t work like a normal business. It’s much harder to get the results you want out of the investments you make. In my book with Andrew Kelly, Reinventing Financial Aid, I have a chapter where I go back to the inception of the financial aid system and I work through the set of decisions that were made and put in place at the beginning. (There was the question) “Should you send aid directly to students or to schools?” The thinking at the time was – led by economists, including Milton Friedman — we should not send the money to schools, but to students. They argued that doing this would exert control over schools the way we think vouchers do today.

But the thing is (it doesn’t) end up working in the way vouchers were intended. The customers (college students) have a very hard time extracting accountability. Institutions don’t seem constrained at all. I argued in that chapter that we made a critical mistake. By not sending money to the schools we (state and government agencies) gave up the ability to hold schools accountable. But I don’t think we can back our way into that now by attaching a bunch of new rules to existing programs. I think we have to create financial aid version 2.0.

Despite all the criticism of high student loan balances, you think part of the problem is that students aren’t allowed to borrow enough. Why?

One of our biggest issues is the many students who start school but don’t finish. There are people so constrained by lack of credit that they aren’t finishing school. For them, I’m worried about an under-borrowing problem, not an over-borrowing problem. 

A recent study suggests student loans merely help colleges raise tuition, that it doesn’t help students at all. You think the truth is more nuanced. Why?

There’s this idea that maybe if we lower federal loan limits, prices would come down, but it’s not really clear. These things only seem to hold true in private schools. At private, not-for-profit schools, it’s clear that they look to those loans as a source of revenue. But the publics don’t do that in the same way. All the rising prices we see in publics, the vast majority comes from the removal of government subsidies. Public and private schools act extremely differently. The 2-year and 4-year schools act differently. The land grant schools and community colleges are not acting like the other entities, but the public gets completely lost in the conversation about college tuition inflation.

You reserve some of your biggest criticism for private schools that rank in the middle of the pack and big state “flagship” universities. What is it?

They are never happy. They cannot just see themselves as doing a job and doing it well. They have to constantly compete. Instead of constantly looking to do more to measure up to the “Ivies,” they could just be good at being what they are. But the truth is, students at those schools are not the ones defaulting on loans at high rates. The tuition-dependent, nonprofit private institutions, you could go after (the way they are funded), but that’s not going to change the (student loan) default rate. To really reduce the default rates, you’d have to go after the for-profits.

Many people look at resort-like dorms and dining halls and blame tuition inflation on that.

Yes, the amenities race. People think that. But if you look at the data to see how much of this (increase in tuition) is due to amenities, it’s going to be relatively small. At community colleges, there is no amenities race. I wish this were the problem; then we would know what to do.

So what do you think it is the solution to skyrocketing tuition?

The No. 1 driver of the rising price is that we stopped providing lower-cost public options to students. Even going to community college now requires going into debt. If we go back to a situation in which states do pay (for public options), that would be a cost-effective change. The state is going to end up having to pay for services for people who don’t get jobs anyway — they will pay on the back end for the lack of investment now. I am deeply in favor of the free community college movement.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Bob Sullivan was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


The Biggest Consumer Complaints in America

Health care billing issues, IRS impostor scams and student loan consolidators were among the biggest consumer headaches last year, joining more familiar complaints about identity theft, home repair and debt collection. The definitive survey of consumer gripes, which includes data from 37 agencies in 21 states, was released Wednesday by the Consumer Federation of America. Together, they shared 282,000 complaints with the consumer advocacy group. As was the case last year, auto sales and repairs attracted the most complaints, but debt collection issues were rated the most serious problem by the consumer agencies.

The Consumer Federation of America’s top 10 list is full of old standards like landlord/tenant disputes and bogus sweepstakes or auto sales and repair. But a number of new issues cropped up in the complaint data, and consumers should be most wary of growing questionable practices:

  • “Curbstoning,” in which small auto dealers try to pass off used car deals as private sales
  • The tech repair scam, in which consumers are called by telemarketers claiming the victim’s PC has a virus
  • The phone IRS agency scam, in which a caller threatens the victim with arrest for alleged unpaid taxes
  • Student loan consolidation offers
  • Solar power installation promising rebates that consumers don’t qualify for

The fastest-growing complaint on the list was identity theft, no doubt in part because of all the high-profile hacking incidents during the past year.

“Considering the epidemic of data breaches that we’ve been experiencing in the last year, it’s not surprising that more consumers are contacting state or local consumer agencies for help to resolve the problems that identity theft can cause,” said Susan Grant, Director of Consumer Protection and Privacy at CFA.

When CFA asked agencies to describe their “worst” complaints, based on the dollar amount involved or the impact on consumers, debt collection was ranked first, followed by immigration service scams, do not call violations, door-to-door sales and used car sales.

“One consumer received an email with what appeared to be an arrest warrant from the United States District Court and stating ‘In the Matter of Arrest for NON-PAID LOAN AND CHEQUE FRAUD,’“ the CFA said. The letter demanded a $3,783 payment. “Courts do not send warrants by email, and the word ‘cheque’ is another red flag of fraud; that is how ‘check’ is spelled in Canada, where many scammers that target U.S consumers are located.”

Bogus offers of help for those with credit trouble remained a big concern, such as foreclosure assistance requiring up-front fees. One example shared by the Los Angeles Department of Consumer and Business affairs was particularly egregious.

“The homeowners paid a ‘foreclosure consultant’ $7,950 but, despite the consultant’s constant assurances that he was working with the lender to get the loan modified and stop the foreclosure, he didn’t actually perform any work,” the report said. “By the time the homeowners contacted the agency for help, the property had already been sold at auction.”

The other major growth area for complaints involved health care billing disputes, the CFA said. Many of those issues involved disputes between insurance companies and health care providers that ultimately hurt consumers – such as one case involving 40 speech therapy visits for a child that was supposed to be covered by insurance, but wasn’t. The victim consumer ended up with a $9,000 bill and, four years later, ruined credit, until the Georgia Department of Law’s Consumer Protection Unit intervened.

“Access to justice is an important principle in the United States,” Grant said. “State and local consumer agencies help consumers obtain justice by educating them about their rights and how to assert them, providing mediation services to resolve complaints and, in some cases, taking formal action to right wrongs in the marketplace.”

Consumers whose credit may have been affected by any of these types of situation may want to check their credit reports for any errors or signs of fraud (such as unauthorized accounts) that they need to resolve. Consumers are entitled to a free credit report every year from each of the major credit reporting agencies through AnnualCreditReport.com. They can also get a free credit report summary updated every month on Credit.com to monitor for important changes.

Top 5 Consumer Complaints (and the previous year’s ranking)

  1. Auto (1)– Misrepresentations in advertising or sales of new and used cars, lemons, faulty repairs, leasing and towing disputes.
  2. Home Improvement/Construction (2) — Shoddy work, failure to start or complete the job.
  3. Credit/Debt (3) — Billing and fee disputes, mortgage modifications and mortgage-related fraud, credit repair, debt relief services, predatory lending, illegal or abusive debt collection tactics.
  4. (Tie) Retail Sales (4) False advertising and other deceptive practices, defective merchandise, problems with rebates, coupons, gift cards and gift certificates, failure to deliver; and Utilities (6) Service problems or billing disputes with phone, cable, satellite, Internet, electric and gas service.
  5. Services (5) Misrepresentations, shoddy work, failure to have required licenses, failure to perform.

Related Articles

This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Bob Sullivan was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Not So FAFSA: How to Avoid a Student Aid Scam

As July melts into August, many college-age students are once again turning their thoughts (if they haven’t done so already) to that beast of complexity, the FAFSA form – which students must fill out if they want to receive financial aid. While there are many reputable companies that help prepare FAFSA forms, there are a number of parasites out there as well.

Filling out the FAFSA is about as much fun as Thanksgiving dinner table talk when it turns to the topic of college applications. That’s when the money questions are asked, debt horror stories are shared and guests make groaning asides about the 1% who don’t have to apply for financial aid.

First things first: In the form’s acronym lies the secret to avoiding the money pitfalls—FAFSA is short for “FREE Application for Federal Student Aid.” Yeah, I know, filling it out is time-consuming, but it’s doable. It’s also complex and requires information that you’re going to have to bird-dog, but it is free.

However, the complexity is no reason to rush out and hire help. You’re going to be on the phone with parents (and step-parents) regarding questions you can’t possibly answer, like whether or not they have untaxed portions of a pension distribution and if they are regularly contributing to a Keogh. You’re also going to have to ask them personal questions, like how much they earn from work and other money-related topics.

Because it’s complex, there are those who opt to pay a third party to prepare the form, and that’s where problems can arise. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau recently filed a complaint against a company that provides this service, seeking $5.2 million for alleged deceptive sales tactics and recurring fees. According to the CFPB, 100,000 customers were billed illegally. Marketwatch reported, “Company representatives allegedly told customers that they could enroll in better payment plans at ‘no cost’ and instead charged them anywhere between $67 and $85 per year. In addition, the CFPB claims that Student Financial Aid Services put customers in recurring billing programs without their knowledge or consent.” In a statement provided to Marketwatch, the company denied any wrongdoing.

If It’s Not Free, You Might Be Wise to Leave It Be

It bears repeating here: There is no fee for the FAFSA — a fact that is embedded in the name of the form. There are a lot of companies and scammers looking to make money off of the free process of applying for federal financial aid.

The FTC has published some rules of the road for spotting a financial aid or scholarship scam:

  • The scholarship is “guaranteed or your money back.”
  • “You can’t get this information anywhere else.”
  • “I just need your credit card or bank account number to hold this scholarship.”
  • “We’ll do all the work. You just pay a processing fee.”
  • “The scholarship will cost some money.”
  • “You’ve been selected” by a “national foundation” to receive a scholarship – or “You’re a finalist” in a contest you never entered.

At the end of the day, common sense is your best guide. Don’t simply rush into the arms of the first organization that offers you a life raft. If someone asks for personally identifying information in the conversation-starter phase of the process—the FAFSA requires a lot of it—that is, prior to actually working on your application, be on guard. Giving out your sensitive data to a company without knowing who you’re dealing with is one of the easiest ways to become an identity theft victim.

You can’t prevent identity theft – it’s now the third certainty in life – but you can take steps to protect yourself. If you think you may have given information to a scammer, keep an eye on your credit reports (you can get free annual credit reports at AnnualCreditReport.com) and your credit scores. You can get your credit scores for free every month on Credit.com. Any big, unexpected changes could signal identity theft and you’ll want to pull your full credit reports to confirm. You may also want to report any potential scams to the FTC.

Search Engines Can Be Your Best Friends — If Used Properly

When it comes to avoiding scams and expensive dead-ends, do your homework. It’s important to read up on any service you’re thinking about using and don’t just look at the first two pages of results on whatever search engine you are using. The negative feedback may be on page 4 or 5, so dig a little.

Another reason to do your homework is that you will find helpful tips to increase the amount of money you may have coming to you. Knowledge of the way this 10-page maze of a form works and what points matter most to maximize eligibility can be a game changer. For instance, with just a little poking around you might land on this article that, among other things, relays the fact that retirement accounts and primary residence do not count as reportable investments on FAFSA questions 42,43,91, and 92—something many people do not realize—drastically reducing the amount of money allotted to them.

Other Tips

Use your head. If you see success stories, there’s a marketing machine behind them – that doesn’t necessarily mean the offer is a scam, but you should be wary and make sure you understand what it is you’re buying. The same goes for guarantees. If you decide to use a third party, read the fine print, ask about their refund policy. Look for references. Ask for references you can call. Slow and steady wins the race here.

This story is an Op/Ed contribution to Credit.com and does not necessarily represent the views of the company or its partners.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Adam Levin was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Wednesday, July 29, 2015

My Ph.D. Loans Will Leave Me Old, Broke, Hungry, and Cold

Question:

Dear Steve,

I have $175,000+in student loans from grad school programs. My first grad degree program was a PhD in political science; the second a high school teaching license in social studies. Neither field has been hiring over the past 15 years at anything other than a negligible rate. Because I have my masters degree, I am more expensive than other new teachers.

Of the 30+ students in my grad school programs, only 5 are employed in the field. Because of not finding employment in my field, I have spent the past 15 years working in retail and as an administrative assistant. The salaries in that field are substandard at best, so I have barely been able to make ends meet; even having to live with my parents over the past 10 years.

All that time, my student loans have either been in unemployment or economic hardship deferment. I have never made a payment because in those 15 years, I have never made enough to where the minimum payment (approx $1,000/mo nth) has well exceeded 20% of my gross income.

Currently, that would be 50% of my income. Recently, one set of my loans – I have tried to consolidate them over the years but my Navient loans and those through ACS cannot be combined for some reason – has gone into default because no matter how many times I send in paperwork, it ALWAYS gets lost; or they tell me it’s the wrong form; or the date is wrong; or that fax # hasn’t worked in over 6 months.

I just got to the point that dealing with them was just too difficult, overwhelming and depressing. At age 50, single, never married, with no retirement savings (other than the meager 401k I started less than one year ago at my current wonderful, secure, but low paying administrative job), I only have $2,500 in credit card debt and own a 10 year old used car.

I own no property or anything of value/equity because I have lived from paycheck to paycheck basically all of my adult life. My social security benefits will be around $700 per month when – or if – I’m ever able to retire.

That will be my main income, but if the government doesn’t close the loophole allowing the garnishment of social security checks, it will be considerably less. As a single adult, I have no fall back support other than hoping to be able to live in the attic of a niece or nephew’s home.

I have spoken with a bankruptcy attorney regarding the potential discharge of my student loans. His suggestion was to wait to see if the tide of decisions began favoring the debtor.

I don’t want to go through bankruptcy, but I also cannot bear the thought of paying $50/month (which is all I could afford realistically), which would never even make a dent in the interest on the loans, and yet would cause me considerable financial difficulty. Is this a good time to try to get my loans discharged or should I just keep fighting the losing battle?

Joy

Answer:

Dear Joy,

I’m not sure if the bankruptcy attorney you met with is aware the tide has been turning and is waiting for a slam dunk or what. For example, see these two cases, here and here, which are right on target. For even more recent cases, look here.

While you may not want to file bankruptcy, it is the only legal tool you have to alter your financial path. And when you read those two cases I linked to you will see the bankruptcy court judges were sympathetic to the retirement crisis facing people just like you.

Without doing something you will set yourself up for retiring broke, poor, in subsidized housing, and hungry. Your current situation isn’t a problem, it’s a crisis.

In lieu of pursuing a bankruptcy discharge the best worst option is to consolidate your federal student loans and look at one of the income driven repayment programs. But you should read this and this.

It’s not clear from your question why some of your loans could not be consolidated. Private maybe? I don’t know. But absent a bankruptcy discharge or consolidation and income driven payment then you would be out of luck with a good solution on any private student loan you may hold, except for just defaulting. See Top 10 Reasons You Should Stop Paying Your Unaffordable Private Student Loan.

I understand why the bankruptcy attorney might be hesitant to take on the case but until more attorneys tackle these cases the easy wins will not exist. If you want to give your attorney some more material to catch up on the latest changes, ask them to read this.

It seems you would meet the modern definition of undue hardship and the Department of Education even provides support why your loans would be eligible for a bankruptcy discharge.

“Steve

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This article by Steve Rhode first appeared on Get Out of Debt Guy and was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


5 Dead Giveaways You’re Talking to a Scammer

It happens all the time — you check your email inbox or your phone rings, and on the other end, someone trying to steal your money. Maybe you ignore it. Perhaps you hang up or delete the message. Then again, you might not.

You may think you know someone is trying to trick you, but keep in mind scammers succeed often enough to be successful, otherwise these things wouldn’t happen. For the most part, thieves employ one of a few tactics that may convince you you’re dealing with a legitimate person or company, and by knowing these strategies, you’re more likely to spot a scam before you become a victim of it. Here area few signs you’re probably dealing with a scammer.

1. They Ask You to Pay on a Prepaid Card

Sometimes, it’s not clear you’re dealing with a scammer until it comes time to pay for something. This often happens with Craigslist scams: You find something for a great deal, you go back and forth with the seller to ask questions about the item or service, and when it’s time to finalize the transaction, the seller requests a money order or a prepaid card.

It happens with loan or sweepstakes scams, too, in which you should be receiving money, but the person you’re in contact with requests you to send a deposit of sorts by putting money on prepaid cards and providing the person the card info.

Prepaid cards are a common tool in scams because it’s easy to receive the money and move it quickly, without being traced.

2. They’re Emailing You From an Unofficial Email Domain

Companies have custom email domains, so there’s no reason someone from your bank would be sending you an email from a Yahoo or Gmail account. Cross-reference the email address with the email information posted to a company’s website, and look closely for misspellings. Here are some other tips for keeping your email inbox scam-free.

3. They Say You’re About to Be Arrested

Scammers rely on targets’ emotional responses to get what they’re after, so they’ll do their best to scare you into giving money. If someone calls you saying your arrest is imminent, unless you pay $X (via a prepaid card, probably), stay calm and be realistic: If you really did something that warranted your arrest, do you really think someone would call and say it could all go away for a couple hundred or thousand dollars? It wouldn’t. Hang up.

4. They Threaten Immediate Legal Action

While a creditor can sue you for an unpaid debt, it’s not a swift process. You have debt collection rights the creditor and collector must respect, and you should verify the legitimacy of a debt before paying any money. If you suspect something illegal is occurring, a consumer law attorney may review your case for free. Make sure you’re familiar with these rights if you’re ever dealing with a debt collector.

5. They Request Sensitive Information

If you call your bank and they request identity verification, that makes sense. If someone calls you and wants to verify your identity, that’s a sign of a scam. Don’t share any personal information with someone who reaches out to you, and if you’re concerned the request is legitimate, independently verify the contact information for whatever company has contacted you and reach out yourself.

Additionally, don’t provide any sensitive information by email. First of all, any company claiming to keep your information secure wouldn’t do that, and even if you trust the entity on the other end of the message, you don’t have control over their email or computer security. That makes sending electronic records of your personal information a bad idea.

Americans lose billions of dollars to scams every year so don’t underestimate the importance of protecting yourself from financial loss or identity theft. Victims of financial fraud or identity theft may also see a negative impact on their credit standing, which can be time-consuming to correct. On top of exercising caution when engaging with others, regularly monitor your financial accounts and credit scores (you can get two free credit scores every month on Credit.com) for signs of suspicious activity. Any large, unexpected changes in your scores could signal identity theft and you should pull your full credit reports to confirm. You can get your free annual credit reports from AnnualCreditReport.com.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Christine DiGangi was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.


Widows Pay More for Car Insurance Than Married Women, Study Finds

It’s not like anyone would get married to save money on car insurance — especially when you consider how expensive weddings can be — but insurance premiums are almost always higher for single, separated or divorced drivers than premiums for married drivers, according to a study by the Consumer Federation of America.

The difference is especially notable among widowed drivers. Quotes from the six major U.S. insurers were an average of 14% higher for widows than for married drivers with otherwise similar profiles. The research used online insurance quotes from State Farm, GEICO, Farmers, Progressive, Nationwide and Liberty for the same driver profile in 10 cities.

The prices for state-mandated liability coverage are based on a driver who is a 30-year-old female who has been driving since age 16, has a high school degree, has no accidents or moving violations, works as a bank teller, rents in a ZIP code where the median income is $30,000, drives (and owns) a 2005 Honda Civic and most recently purchased insurance three years ago. By varying the marital status of this driver, CFA discovered that most insurance providers charge married drivers less than others.

State Farm’s rates did not vary by marital status, and Nationwide only sometimes gave widows higher quotes. The other four insurers quoted annual premiums at 20% more for widows than for married drivers. On average, GEICO hiked prices the most for widows (29%), followed by Farmers (22%), Progressive (19%) and Liberty (8%). Nationwide quoted widows at an average of 3% more than married drivers.

“Hiking rates on women whose husbands die seems both unfair and inhumane,” said Stephen Brobeck, CFA’s Executive Director, in a news release about the research. “Why don’t insurers instead emphasize driving-related factors such as accidents, traffic violations, and miles driven in their pricing?”

The report notes that in Oakland, Calif., one of the 10 cities used in the research, prices varied little by marital status, which the CFA attributes to a state law that “requires auto insurers to treat driving record, miles driven, and years experience as ‘mandatory’ and ‘primary’ factors in rate-setting.” Marital status is among a group of optional factors that cannot weigh as heavily on rates.

In some states, your credit score can have a significant impact on how much you pay for car insurance. Certain aspects of your credit history may indicate how likely you are to pay your insurance premiums, hence the impact on pricing. How much affect your credit has on your insurance costs varies by state, but it’s not factored in at all in California, Massachusetts or Hawaii. As for everyone living in the other 47 states and D.C., it’s yet another reason to aim for as good a credit score you can attain. As you work to improve or rebuild your credit, you can get your free credit scores on Credit.com every 30 days to help you track your progress.

Do you think it’s fair that widows are charged higher car insurance rates than married drivers? Tell us in the comments below.

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This article originally appeared on Credit.com.

This article by Christine DiGangi was distributed by the Personal Finance Syndication Network.